The Tenor of a Metaphor, a Rhetorical Term

The Tenor of a Metaphor, a Rhetorical Term In an analogy, the tenor is the chief subject enlightened by the vehicle (that is, the actualâ figurative articulation). The connection of tenor and vehicle inspires the significance of the analogy. Another word for tenor is theme. For instance, in the event that you consider an exuberant or frank individual a sparkler (The person was a genuine sparkler, resolved to live on his own terms), the forceful individual is the tenor and sparkler is the vehicle. The terms vehicleâ andâ tenorâ were presented by British rhetorician Ivor Armstrong Richards in The Philosophy of Rhetoricâ (1936). [V]ehicle and tenor in participation, said Richards, give an importance of more changed forces than can be attributed to either. Models The primary components of figurative conditions, for example, Life is a mobile shadow are frequently alluded to as tenor (thing we are discussing) and vehicle (that to which we are looking at it).  Ground . . . indicates the connection among tenor and vehicle (i.e., normal properties; Ullmann 1962: 213). Accordingly, in the metaphor  Life is a mobile shadow, life speaks to the tenor, strolling shadow the vehicle, and fleetingness the ground.Alternative phrasings proliferate. Mainstream choices for tenor and vehicle are target space and source area, respectively.(Verena Haser, Metaphor, Metonymy, and Experientialist Philosophy: Challenging Cognitive Semantics. Walter de Gruyter, 2005)Tenor and Vehicle in William Staffords RecoilIn William Staffords sonnet Recoil, the main refrain is the vehicle and the subsequent verse is the tenor:The bow twisted recollects home long,the long stretches of its tree, the whineof twist throughout the night conditioningit, and its answer Twang! To the individuals here who might worry me downtheir way and make me bend:By recalling hard I could surprise for homeand act naturally once more. Tenor and Vehicle in Cowleys The WishIn the principal refrain of Abraham Cowleys sonnet â€Å"The Wish,† the tenor is the city and the vehicle is a beehive:Well at that point! I currently do evidently seeThis occupied world and I will neer agree.The nectar of all natural joyDoes of all meats the soonest cloy;And they, methinks, merit my pityWho for it can persevere through the stings,The group and buzz and murmurings,Of this incredible hive, the city. I.A. Richards on Tenor and Vehicle We need the word analogy for the entire twofold unit, and to utilize it in some cases for one of the two parts in division from the other is as foolish as that other stunt by which we utilize the significance here in some cases for the work that the entire twofold unit does and in some cases for the other componentthe tenor, as I am calling itthe basic thought or chief subject which the vehicle or figure implies. It isn't astonishing that the point by point examination of analogies, in the event that we endeavor it with such elusive terms as these, occasionally wants to remove 3D square roots in the head.​(I.A. Richards, The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press, 1936)​[I.A. Richards] comprehended representation as a progression of movements, as borrowings to and fro, among tenor and vehicle. Subsequently, in 1936, his popular meaning of analogy as an exchange between contexts.Richards supported instituting tenor, vehicle, and ground to explain the particulars of that exchange. . . . The two sections had been called by such stacked locutions as the first thought and the obtained one; what is truly being said or thought of and what it is contrasted with; the thought and the picture; and the importance and the representation. A few scholars would not yield how much thought was imbedded in, drawn from the picture. . . . With nonpartisan terms a pundit can continue to contemplate the relations among tenor and vehicle more objectively.(J. P. Russo, I.A. Richards: His Life and Work. Taylor, 1989) Elocution: TEN-er

Western Civilization Reformation Essays - Anti-Catholicism

Western Civilization Reformation Chris Walters 1April99 HIS121 Western Civilization Renewal During the Sixteenth century, an across the board Religious reorganization took place in Western Europe. It was between the Catholics and the Protestants. A renewal is a sixteenth century strict development stamped eventually by dismissal or adjustment of some Roman Catholic precept and practice and foundation of the Protestant houses of worship. This specific Reformation isolated the Christians of Western Europe into Protestants and Catholics. A portion of the significant Reformations of the Sixteenth century were the Catholic Reformation, the Genevan Reformation, German Reformation, English Reformation, and the Swiss Reformation, otherwise called the Zwinglian Transformation. They all common some comparative qualities, while likewise having a few various qualities. During the Sixteenth century defilement was across the board all through all of Western Europe. Pastors, popes, and ministers were all erring the same. Covetousness, sex, misuse of intensity were only a portion of these maltreatment. The Reformations looked to take out these manhandles. In every one of these transformations, Royalty had an influence in it. In the Catholic Reconstruction, occurring in Spain and Italy, Queen Isabel of Spain brought the congregation further under the crowns control than any time in recent memory. Her explanation behind Reformation was to raise the scholarly and good gauges of the congregation. In the German Reformation, Martin Luther was the pioneer, and he split the congregation into two gatherings the Catholic and Protestant. He had fought that a portion of the church were selling guilty pleasures (transient exonerations of sins) without clarifying that individuals should likewise be genuinely humble for those transgressions. Hes generally popular for his rundown of 95 extravagances that he nailed to the entryway of the catholic church. In Switzerland Zwinglian lead the Swiss Reformation. He broke Customary norms. He said A congregation without the justice is ruined and incomplete.Relics and pictures were annulled; all artistic creations and adornments were expelled structure the holy places and supplanted by white washed dividers. He additionally had music expelled from the message since he felt it was an interruption from the expression of god. (Spielvogel 471) The English Reformation came about on account of Henry VIIIs want to separate from his better half, looking for one that could bear him a child. The Genevan reconstruction, (I dont get this part since its in Switzerland so isnt it a similar thing then as the Swiss Reformation?)It was lead by John Calvin. Calvin upheld the beliefs of virtue, effortlessness, what's more, ardent strict confidence. These Reformations removed force structure the houses of worship and put it under the crown. No ones force will be higher than that of the crown. These Reorganizations tried to wipe out defilement, sin, and some other wrong doings from the places of worship. The Catholic Reformation and the English Reformation battled to keep Catholicism, while the Swiss Reformation, the German renewal, and the Genevan renewal all battled for Protestantism. Every one of these Reformations split their nations individuals. The Holy Roman Empire was the principle battling power against Protestantism. Every one of these Reformations broke conventional gauges around Western Europe. The genuine change was not coordinated against an adversary; it was attempted for God, Jesus Christ, as a protestation of enduring devotion.( Daniel-Rops 3) The thought was to change Mankind not Religion, yet this end up being inconceivable. Every Reformation was diverse on the grounds that there were distinctive main thrusts behind them. The Genevan Reformation, drove by Calvin, was at last determined by the administration of Geneva, which wasnt a King or a Queen, however rather by a progression of boards. The Catholic Reformation had Queen Isabel behind it in her would like to reinforce the ethics of her kin. The Swiss Reformation was begun by Zwinglian, in his expectations to expel all that which occupied from the unadulterated expression of God. The German Reformation was driven by Luther and later carried on by Charles V, who attempted to join his realm through religion yet through a progression of wars lost all expectations of strict solidarity. Also, the English Reformation was begun due to King Henry VIIIs mission for a beneficiary to his seat. Every one of these Reformations had their disparities and likenesses, however at last shared one significant idea; to dispense with all transgression, the maltreatment of intensity and the selling of guilty pleasures from the congregation and the unadulterated expression of God. History Essays

Using Narrative Essay Prompts

Using Narrative Essay PromptsIf you are in the middle of writing a narrative essay, then you will need to consider using narrative essay prompts to make your task more manageable. The use of prompts is a great way to avoid mistakes that might occur as a result of being overwhelmed by too many choices.Students taking their first year college classes are often overwhelmed by the sheer amount of information that they are presented with. This is the reason why, when studying for exams and trying to keep up with requirements, students will often find themselves stumped without the help of supplemental resources. Although there are many books and course materials that students can use to help them with their assignments, students can use them as a means to form a grasp on the fundamental concepts that they are going to be dealing with on a daily basis.By obtaining help, students can ensure that they are able to finish their assignments in a less difficult and easy way. Narrative essay prom pts should not only be given to you but also to the other writers working on the project. This is an extremely effective way to make sure that all participants are fully prepared and have an understanding of what is to come.Once you determine that you have used the right narrative essay prompt, then you are going to need to create the topic for the assignment. When choosing a topic, you should try to choose one that interests you. Even if the topic you have chosen is hard to analyze, this will still provide you with a different method to tackle the problem at hand. What is important is that you have some kind of resource that can help you figure out the problem at hand and from there, how to come up with an effective solution.Another thing to consider when you are working on a writing assignment is to determine the type of grammar that is required. For instance, a critical grammar check is probably not something that you want to include on your essay, though you might want to check for inflections and punctuation. While you do not want to be too stringent about these, you should also make sure that you stay away from spelling mistakes, grammatical errors, and paragraph structure.College students who are beginning to explore their creative side will also find that they need to put into practice what they learned when they were in high school. The writers of narrative essays will find that they are faced with using a very similar method of learning the skills that they will be needing to use when they are writing for others. This can be a great way to get your feet wet and give yourself a good way to learn about the many ways that storytelling can be used to help you with writing assignments.Finally, narrative essay prompts help the writers to be able to bring to life their ideas. This is very helpful when you are writing a creative story, no matter how basic or complicated the story may be. It helps to create a connection between the story and the reader, which are essential to having a well-written, well-told narrative.So, as you can see, using a brief bit of inspiration and a brief bit of support can go a long way towards making your efforts and goals a success. Narrative essay prompts should be used to help you to stay on track and to prepare yourself for the possibility of a good grade, while also helping you come up with creative solutions to problems.

Child Discipline - 3229 Words

Anton Shusterman June 4th, 2011 Child Discipline The most important thing in a child’s life is how his parents treat him. His future and the potential for growth and success are determined by the type of childhood that a person experiences. Sometimes parents don’t understand how important it is to treat their children well. Parents don’t think about the words that they say to their children or the actions that they take around them. Some parents think their children are too small and they will not remember the words and actions going on around them, but discipline is not only showing children how to live life and what not to do in any given situation. Discipline is also showing children what they are supposed to do and how they are†¦show more content†¦The common assumption is that children need to be disciplined and instilled with fear to be properly behaved. Children are naturally rowdy, hyperactive, and troublemakers. Beating can cause depression and aggression in children as young as eight (Rodriqu ez 731). These children, having experienced beating and harsh physical punishment in response to a mistake or problem that they cause, in turn cause pain and beat other children in response to problems or wrongdoings caused by the children that are bothering them, thus channeling their anger at being beaten into the object of their frustration. (Zens et al. 192) Harsh discipline is not only beating or physical abuse, it is defined as â€Å"the use of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, but not injury, for the purpose of correction or control of the child behaviors† (Straus, 2000 p.1110)† (Rodriquez 734)This lends credence to the belief that sometimes parents don’t know when they are exerting far too much physical discipline on their children. Parents believe that some physical punishment is necessary and it will not cause adverse effect to children in the future, but that is not the case. In fact harsh discipline, specifically physical punishment, can lead to internalizing of problems and also a possibility of the physical abused children their anger on other younger children. (Zens et al. 190)Show MoreRelatedParental Discipline And Child Abuse1809 Words   |  8 Pagespunishments as a child most likely became more disciplined earlier than everyone else and most likely still is. To be clear, the intended definition of punishments to be used is a penalization for committing an act that would be considered unacceptable in the eyes of the parent i.e. swearing, fighting, being disrespectful, etc. This is also known as parental discipline. Although it may not seem like it there is a clear boundary separating parental discipline from child abuse. Parental discipline is intendedRead MorePhysical Discipline And Child Behavior Problems Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Physical Discipline and Child Behavior Problems: A study of Ethnic Group Differences† by Jodi Polaha, Robert E. Larzelere, Steven K. Sharpio and Gregory S. Petit is researching the relation between parental discipline and how it relates to the child’s behavior expression problems within different ethnic groups. They’re addressing how physical discipline in different ethnic groups can affect children’s way of expressing themselves in distinct ways. Previous research shows when a parent’s discipline is abusiveRead MorePosition Paper- Child Abuse and Discipline1181 Words   |  5 PagesPARENTAL DISCIPLINE AND ABUSE Parental discipline and child abuse are among the most controversial topics currently, and they cause serious problems for children in the United States. Child abuse essentially focuses on the child’s bad behaviors and gives the child emotional and physical harms. Forms of abuse include spanking, hitting, saying negative things and corporal punishment. In fact, parental discipline is a much more appropriate way of dealing with negative behavior than using abusiveRead MoreWhen Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse?1486 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse? In this report, I concentrated my research on the fine line between physical discipline and child abuse, with emphasis on spanking vs. not spanking and its effects on children. Included are research from statistics, opposing views and arguments, advocates’ and Department of Children and Families’ position. The use of corporal punishment, or spanking, as a form of parental discipline is a controversial topic. Adults who remember being spankingRead MoreChild Discipline Expository Writing1576 Words   |  7 PagesA Fine Line between Child Abuse and Discipline Child abuse is the physical injury of a child inflicted by a parent which ranges from superficial bruises, broken bones, burns, serious internal injuries and in some cases, death (Prevent Child Abuse America). Child abuse is a topic that causes rage in many discussions throughout the country because it is outrageous actions against innocent children. Many parents question whether discipline can become child abuse. Bell Hooks is an educated woman, feministRead MoreChildren Should Not Withhold Discipline From A Child845 Words   |  4 PagesDo not withhold discipline from a child; if you strike him with a rod, he will not die. If you strike him with the rod, you will save his soul from Sheol.Proverbs 23:13-14. Spanking children is used as a form of discipline if brought upon with a valid reason. Peoples opinions may very because everything has an extent it can be taken to expressly discipline. Disciplining children has been an widely controversial topic for many years as in the forms , the things used to discipline children, and theRead MoreShould Child Discipline On A Physical Level?1462 Words   |  6 PagesIs it illegal to slap or smack a child as a form of discipline? Should it be? With the changing of times questions are being raised whether or not smacking or slapping a child is right or wrong by todays standards, This essay is going to argue why child discipline on a physical level should not only been illegal but why the country as a whole needs to ban it. As of the current point in time there are currently no laws making slapping, smacking or striking a child â€Å"illegal†. The only law that isRead MoreChild Abuse And Child Discipline925 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween child abuse and child discipline. Abuse is any action that intentionally harms or injures another person. Discipline is punishment that is intended to correct or train. Some parents do not see the harm in their form of discipline, but others may view it as abuse. It may not be the parent’s intention to harm their child but it is something that occurs. â€Å"In 2012, state agencies found an estimate 686,000 of child maltreatment.† .*(*Kids Count) Every year more than 3 million reports of child abuseRead MoreIs Discipline A Child Abuse?969 Words   |  4 PagesIs Discipline Child Abuse? What does the word child abuse mean in your own words? Some people believe child abuse includes neglect, punishment, physical or emotional maltreatment. Child abuse is all over the world. Every day a child is either abused or neglected. Since the late 1900’s child abuse was commonly used in the United States (Gale). Now it is slowly coming to its ending point. Since 1992, only two states, Delaware and Oklahoma, have experienced consistent increases today. Is disciplineRead MoreIs It Illegal For A Child As A Form Of Discipline? Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesIs it illegal in Australia to slap or smack a child as a form of discipline? Should it be? In Australia it is legal to smack children as a form of discipline, however this is something that should be seriously looked at, as it can lead to severe consequences, such as psychological damage, through parents abusing their children. On the other hand, there is a need to discipline children, but this can be achieved through alternative punishments, rather than parents resorting to a scornful slap. The

Aspects Of Blended Learning Technology Supports Diverse...

Aspects of Blended Learning: Technology Supports Diverse Classrooms Blended learning has been a popular topic in education over the past decade. With the rapid advancement of technology in recent years and the ever-increasing demands on teaching staff, there is a scramble to find the golden goose – the key to harmonizing technology and education in order to reach more students and ease the burden of teachers. It becomes more than just an issue of getting technology into the classroom because hundreds of thousands of classrooms already have technology capabilities. It becomes an issue of how to train teachers to use instructional technology and truly integrate it into curriculum. It becomes an issue of how to make technology a†¦show more content†¦Blended learning is malleable. It can easily be reformed and adjusted to suit many different learning styles and many different grade levels. For example, second graders may use reader software if they are struggling wi th dyslexia. Adults may use the same software if they are auditory learners to follow along when reading a long article on a computer screen. The hypothesis of this paper is that blended learning is a viable solution to stalling education methods because technology has the flexibility, real-world connection, and active engagement that supports successful learning. In this paper, there are four terms used interchangeably: technology, learning technology, educational technology, and instructional technology. While there is no universal definition for it, instructional technology can be defined as any tool used by an educator to support a lesson. There are two types of instructional technology: audiovisual devices and a systems approach process. (Gagne 1987, p. 11) Audiovisual devices include technical equipment, such as projectors and computers. A systems approach process means careful planning, development, execution, analyzation, and evaluation of instruction with technology. Most people still consider audiovisual devices to be the main component of educational technology, but the systems approach gives a more complete picture of the effort to create systematic instruction with technology. For the purposes

assignment 302 NVQ lvl 3 - 1702 Words

Principles of Personal development In adult social care settings Task A Guidance You are going to be a mentor for a new social care worker as part of their induction process. Part of your role is to help them prepare for the review after their probation period. Ai) Create a guide for the new social care worker about how to reflect on their practice. The guide must include the headings listed with an explanation for each. a) What is reflective practice? b) Why is reflective practice important? c) How reflective practice contributes to improving the quality of service provision. d) How standards can be used to help social care workers reflect on their practice. A GUIDE TO REFLECTIVE PRACTICE WHAT IS REFLECTIVE PRACTICE?†¦show more content†¦PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN Name: Job Title: Learning Development need Action Plan Short Term Goal Expected Date of Completion Actual Date of Completion Outcome What do I want or need to learn or what skills would I like to develop What am I going to do or what do I need to achieve step 1 What part of step 1 would I like to work on first, or what is the most important part of my learning development needs as stated in step 1. The date I am setting myself to complete this task. The actual date I completed the task. Was I successful in completing step 1 or 3? Completed or partially completed or not completed? Bii) Explain how a PDP can help a social care worker identify improvements in their knowledge, understanding and practice. By using a PDP a social care worker will have a written record of the goals they have set on their learning and development needs. They will have set the goals themselves and be working towards researching the answers. As this develops they will then start putting this new found information into practice this will give them reassurance and help build self confidence. Biii) Identify sources of support for planning and reviewing your development. Ask my mentor or work buddy. Shadow work colleagues. Team meetings Access the intra net. Biv) Identify people who can help you develop your knowledge, understanding and practice. Ask my

Are we civilized Essay Example For Students

Are we civilized? Essay We are starting to witness the beginning of a new era. It is full of information and technology, and it will decide how the future is going to be. But despite all our new inventions and ideas that show us how were better off than the generations before us, have we grown in any other ways? Does being civilized only mean to become more advanced technologically, or does it apply to our moral foundation? It is very obvious that society has developed a lot in learning and technology. Today, we have inventions such as the stealth fighter, the home computer and nuclear powered power plants and naval vessels. Things that were imagined many years back have now become todays reality. Single machines now hold the jobs that used to take hundreds of men to accomplish by hand, so in this sense, we have become more civilized. On the other hand, not all of the inventions that have been developed from the technology world are used to do good deeds. Our great society has allowed the production of many weapons whose sole intention is to create mass destruction and to kill large amounts of life. Many people now live in constant fear of the use of these weapons, while others sit back and enjoy them for protection. We still have as many wars as we did in the past, but now the new technology used in them helps bring about more human casualties. An example of this would be Operation Desert Storm. I was a 23-year-old man, sent off to fight for the liberation of Kuwait and to kick the crap out of a bully named Saddam Hussein. I was the crewchief on an UH-60 Blackhawk helicopter assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division from Ft. Hood, TX. From the time the air war started to the 100 hours of hell we threw at the Iraqi Army, it was never more evident the role that technology played in decimating an enemy and b! reaking his will to win and survive. The pictures that my young eyes saw will forever be burned into memory. Technology was a teacher of pain and suffering, but it was also a savior in helping bring home the lives of many young men who might of not come back in previous wars. Besides the wars, society really has yet to understand other people. Prejudice is alive and burning in the hearts of many throughout our society. Many hate groups are still around today, as they were hundreds of years ago, and many new groups are starting to form and become active. Oklahoma City felt the wrath of some very passionate people who were trying to avenge the loss of comrades to the Federal Government. Many innocent people were killed, and it all boils down to beliefs and ideas. Racism still has its hand around the throats of many in our society as well. It seems that some of the worst racists in our society are the ones who  say theyre not racist, but on the inside they really are. These are the people who say theyre not racist, but they dont hire the East Indian employee who was the most qualified of the candidates. They coach the all white basketball team. They fight over the red and blue colors of bandannas worn around their heads. The worst part is, it d! oesnt even phase them when they are doing it. In the past when our country was just starting to be formed, there were many prejudices just because people were different. Now over a century later, people havent changed much, which makes me wonder if we really have become civilized yet. .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb , .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb .postImageUrl , .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb , .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb:hover , .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb:visited , .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb:active { border:0!important; } .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb:active , .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u27648514b062b6168c5fa8a0b0c135bb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Showing the connection between EssayDemocracy is also something that has played a big part in our journey to become civilized. A democracy in my words is where the people who choose to live under it run the government. And to have a true democracy, everyone must vote! People vote to exercise their democratic rights. If only 70% vote, then 70% control 100% of the government. Voting without adequate understanding and choosing candidates for the wrong reasons are symptoms of voting for the sake of voting and not taking an active interest in how our country is run. Instead of making an effort to understand issues and party fundamentals, too many ignorant people actually base t heir decisions on what the candidates say. The result is that everybody feels burned by the government, never realizing that he or she could have tipped the election simply by paying attention. Another problem with our vision of democracy is the structure and size of it. It seems everybody is always trying to help somebody get something ! for nothing. This just creates class envy and finger pointing. I personally believe the governments goal is to keep us divided as a country so we will fight amongst ourselves rather than pay attention to whats going on. So, is this civilized? I think not. Technically though, if you want to look at it really hard, we have become a civilized society. We can now travel across the country in a few hours or send someone an email. Most people believe that to become civilized you need to create new inventions and spend lots of money on social programs, making most people think that they are becoming better off and are more civilized. But our nature has not become more civilized. There are still wars, hatred, and acts of violence. Maybe it is more important to grow in this area than the other is. So in reality, were not as civilized as we think we are.

Linde Bangladesh Essay Example

Linde Bangladesh Essay Linde Bangladesh Limited (formerly BOC Bangladesh Limited) a multinational organization that has been present in the country for nearly 60 years with continuous expansion in operations and business, providing global solutions with a local outlook. With a modest appearance at the beginning, all the products of Linde Bangladesh Limited are now part and parcel of all the industrial and economic activities of the country. The selected topic of this internship report is â€Å"A Comprehensive Study on the Distribution Channel of the Welding Business of Linde Bangladesh Limited. † First part of the report talks about the organization; its nature as well as other introductory element of the company . Second part of the report covers the introduction of the project along with the project’s objectives, scope, statement of the problems etc. The next part strives to discuss about the Welding Business of Linde Bangladesh as well as the Distribution department of the welding business with its major functions. Linde Bangladesh is a leading manufacturer of welding electrodes and provides one stop solution for cutting and joining through countrywide distribution network. Countrywide the company has 18 sales centre based at different locations to serve more than 800 dealers. Country as a whole is demarcated into five region each region consists of four territories. To operate the whole distribution process Linde Bangladesh has one Sales manager for each region who looks after the overall distribution process of the territories under that particular region. However one CRO (Customer relationship officer) and one CSA (Customer relationship assistant) are assigned for each territory. They usually use pick up to deliver their products. We will write a custom essay sample on Linde Bangladesh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Linde Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Linde Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Some report about vehicles movements, amount of products carried per day, maps illustrates how Linde Bangladesh is utilizing their distribution resources. The focused area of this report is Khulna, so I tried to discuss about the current scenario of the distribution process of Khulna territory as well as the areas of problems which is facing by them. Order placement plays a vital role in distribution process. Therefore the functions of iConnect have been portrayed to get an idea about the role played by iConnect in order placement process of the company. Moreover, as Linde Bangladesh deals with environment sensitive and dangerous element, it tries to ensure the safety measures also. The Company maintains a standard for their vehicles as well as their drivers for ensuring the safety issues. Linde Bangladesh uses some software and electronic devices for making its vehicles safer. For ensuring the optimization of vehicle in the distribution process, the company keeps trip list report summarizes all the trips for a specific asset over a specified period of time. The report shows start and stop times and location, including total travelling time, distance, and quantity of products distributes. In spite of having a strong distribution network, some areas have been found that needs to be improved. Finally, in recommendation part, some suggestions such as dividing routes, employing higher capacity vehicle, optimizing delivery schedule are given to capture the maximum utility from the market in future. Table of Contents |Name of the Topic |Page Number | |Letter of transmittal. 3 | |Letter of Endorsements by the supervisor |4 | |Acknowledgment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |5 | |Executive Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |6-7 | |CHAPTER-01: Overview Of LINDE BANGLADESH LIMITED Bangladesh Ltd | |1. 0 Organization Profile Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |13 | |1. 1 History of Linde Bangladesh Limited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |13-14 | |1. 1. 1 Merger Acquisition with Linde AG †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |15 | |1. 1. 2 Common History †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |15-16 | |1. 2 About Linde Bangladesh Limited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |16-17 | |1. 2. 1 Vision Objective†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |17-18 | |1. 2. 2 Market Position†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |19 | |1. 2. 3 Safety Matters †¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 19 | |1. 2. 4 Internal Control †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |20 | |1. 2. 5 Financial Results †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |20 | |1. 2. 6 Locations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |21-22 | |1. 2. 7 Organizational Structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |23 | |1. 2. 8 Range of Products and Service†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦.. |23-26 | | CHAPTER -02: Introduction to the Study | |2. Introduction to the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |28 | |2. 1 Rationale of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |28 | |2. 2 Statement of the problem. |28 | |2. 3 Scope Delimitation of the sutdy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |28-29 | |2. 4 Objectives of the study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |29 | |2. 4. 1 Primary Objective †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |29 | |2. 4. Specific Objective†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |29 | | CHAPTER -03: Review of related literature regarding the welding industry and marketer | |3. 0 Review of related literature regarding the welding industry and marketer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. | | |†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |31 | |3. 1 Welding Industry in Bangladesh †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |31 | |3. 2 Welding Industry Performance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ |32-33 | |3. Distribution Operations of the Welding Business Linde Bangladesh Limited |33-36 | |3. 3. 1 Distributor Channel Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |36 | |3. 4 Safety Management of Linde Bangladesh Limited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |36 | |3. 4. 1. Golden Rules of Safety of Linde Bangladesh †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |37 | |3. 4. 2. Driver’s Safety. 37-39 | |3. 4. 3. Vehicle’s Safety.. |39 | |3. 4. 4. Golden Rules on Driving and Vehicles.. |39-40 | |3. 4. 5. Truck Avoidable Accident Rate. |40 | |3. 4. 6. Managing Safety Standard |40-41 | |3. 4. 7. Automatic Vehicle Location system (AVLS). |41-42 | |3. 4. 8. System Overview |43-44 | |3. 4. 9. General Features and Benefits of AVLS |44 | |3. 4. 10. Web-based Vehicle Tracking System .. |45 | |3. 4. 11. General Features and Benefits (Web based vehicle tracking system).. |46 | |3. 4. 12. Standard Violations |46 | |3. 4. 13. User-defined Violations |46 | |3. 4. 14. Trips List Report.. |47 | |3. 4. 15. Second-by-Second Incident Analysis |47 | |3. 4. 16. Vehicle Immobilization 47 | |3. 4. 17. Anti-theft Options.. |48 | |3. 4. 18. Why we choose AVLS. |48-49 | |3. 4. 19. Driver profiling. |49 | |3. 4. 20. Accident analysis. |49 | |3. . 21. |49-50 | |Security. |50-51 | |3. 4. 22. Benefits of Business.. |51 | |3. 5 Review of Literature related to the Distribution. |52 | |3. 5. 1 Distribution Objectives. |52 | |3. . 2 Distribution Strategy: |52-54 | |3. 5. 3 Distribution Channels Key Concepts Steps:. | | |Chapter 4. Methodology | |4. 0 Methodology †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |56 | |4. 1 Primary Data Collection.. |56 | |4. Secondary Data Collection. |56 | |4. 3 Mechanical Tools†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |56 | |Chapter 05 Analysis and Interpretation of Data | |5. 0. Analysis and Interpretation of Data. |58 | |5. 1. Distribution Channel Management of Linde Bangladesh in Khulna.. |58-59 | |5. 2. Linde Bangladesh iConnect.. |59 | |5. 2. 1. Benefits of iConnect |59-60 | |5. 2. 2. Information Collected by iConnect.. |60 | |5. 2. 3. How iConnect works. |61 | |5. 2. 4. iConnect Communication Channels. 61 | |5. 2. 5. iConnect Reminder |61-62 | |5. 2. 6. Some important command used in iConnect.. |62 | |5. 2. 7. iConnect Technical Architecture |63 | |5. 3. Important features regarding the cost of Managing Distribution.. |64 | |5. 3. 1. Total Distribution Cost per Distance Travelled.. 64 | |5. 3. 2 Total Variable Cost. |64 | |5. 3. 2. 1. Total Overtime Cost.. |64 | |5. 3. 2. 2. Total Fuel Cost |64-65 | |5. 3. 2. 3. Others |65 | |. 65 | |5. 3. 3. Total Fixed Cost. |66 | |5. 4. Effectivity Analysis of the distribution process of Linde Bangladesh |66 | |5. 4. 1. Capacity Utilization.. |66-67 | |5. 4. 2. Time Utilization.. |67 | |5. 4. 3. Deviations from Schedule | | |5. 5. Performance regarding the slowness and the fastness consumption of the welding |67-69 | |products:†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. | | |Chapter 06: Findings | |6. 0. Findings: †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |71-72 | |Chapter 07: Recommendations | |7. . Recommendations:†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |74-75 | |Chapter 08: Conclusion | |8. 0. Conclusion†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |77 | |Bibliography Appendix | Part – 1 Chapter 1 Profile of the Organization 1. 0. Organization Profile and Overview 1. 1. History of Linde Bangladesh Limited Linde Bangladesh Limited (formerly known as BOC Bangladesh) is both an old and relatively a new company. Old because it has been present in what it is now in Bangladesh, in one form or the other, since the days of British India. New because it was registered under its own identity only in 1973. The Company began, after the independence of Bangladesh, with a modest turnover of over Tk. 6 million. The turnover in 1999 exceeded Taka 1 billion. Linde Bangladesh Limited started out as Bangladesh Oxygen Limited with 3 small Oxygen plants and Dissolved Acetylene plants, one of each in Dhaka, Chittagong and Khu1na. In addition, it had an operating contract to run the Oxygen plants of Chittagong Steel Mills (CSM), which is no more there today. For the manufacture of Welding Electrodes the Company had three extruders and new one would commence operation from 2012. From inception, the Company had remained the sole supplier of Medical Oxygen in the Country. In the mid 70s a Nitrous Oxide plant, still the only one in Bangladesh, was imported and installed in Dhaka to provide the nation with this vital anesthetic gas. Later in the decade a Carbon Dioxide plant was bought and installed in Dhaka and this was the first in the Country to produce dry ice. In the early 80s the first liquid gas plant was imported from New Zealand and again installed in Dhaka, where the demand for Oxygen was concentrated. Shortly after that came the first boom in ship cutting and demand for Oxygen went through the roof. The Company invested immediately in additional compressing capacity for the surplus Oxygen at CSM while simultaneously pursuing the Government to permit it to invest in new production capacity. Eventually the Company was permitted to import 400 cubic meters per hour air separation plant from Australia, capable of producing Liquid Oxygen, Nitrogen and, for the first time in Bangladesh, Argon. This was installed in Chittagong, essentially to feed the ship breaking market on the beach. In the early 90s booster was added to this to increase output, pending investment in further capacity. Meanwhile, the welding business of the Company was also growing fast and in the early 80s a state of the art RAM extruder was added to the production line, dramatically improving output and quality of electrodes. The Company, in another innovative move, invested in a wire drawing machine for the electrode factory. A second RAM was added in the late 80s to keep up with demand. The Company went public in 1973 when the Government renounced its right shares in favor of the public. Today, Linde Bangladesh is one of the premier companies in the Country. Bangladesh Oxygen Limited changed its name to BOC Bangladesh Limited in March 1995 in line with a worldwide program of the BOC Group. The 90s witnessed another change in the fortunes of the Company with deregulation and liberalization of the economy. A site was specially purchased at Rupganj, near Dhaka, where the Company installed 30 tons per day air separation plant, the largest in the country. The US made plant produces Oxygen, Nitrogen and Argon and is technologically, as advanced as any in the world. It came on stream in 1995. At the same time, the Company also invested in a modern integrated welding electrode plant, made by the largest welding electrode manufacturers in the world, which was imported and installed at the new site in Rupganj. A technical collaboration arrangement was also made with the suppliers ESABAB of Sweden and the plant went into production in 1995. Welding business received ISO 9002 certification in the following year. A distribution agreement has been signed with world class Welding Company, The Lincoln Company of USA. In March 1998 a second line of production was added to the integrated Welding Electrode Factory at Rupganj, doubling the capacity. Same year, in November 1998 a new site with a 20 TPD liquid plant was acquired in Shitalpur, Chittagong. 1. 1. 1. Merger Acquisition with Linde AG The Linde Group has a history of over 130 years built on a heritage of innovation with a strong focus on technology. The company’s founder, Carl von Linde, invented refrigeration technology and pioneered a process of air separation. Today, the company is a global market leader in gases and engineering providing technology solutions for a wide range of industrial and other applications. In March 2006, Linde AG made an offer for The BOC group. It was recommended by the BOC Board and accepted by shareholders in August. This was ratified by the European Commission in June, and was completed on September, 5th 2006. Following the acquisition the Linde group is one of the world’s leading industrial gases and engineering groups. Finally on 20 November, 2011 the BOC Bangladesh rebranded as Linde Bangladesh Limited. 1. 1. 2 Common History Linde and BOC unite to become The Linde Group. Both companies have more than 100 year of history and strong track records as innovators. In 1879, Gesellschaft fur Lindes Eismaschinen AG in Wiesbaden was founded in Germany. In 1880 Arthur and Leon Brin take out the first of their patents on a process for separating oxygen (barium oxide process). Linde British Refrigeration Co, in London in 1885,that was Lindes first non-German company. In 1886, Brins Oxygen Company Ltd was founded. In 1895, patent to Carl von Linde for the process of liquefying atmospheric air or other gases was granting. Patent for air separation and the construction of the first air separator allowing oxygen purity of up to 97 percent, which was held in 1906. Linde and Brins Oxygen Co. agree to use Lindes patents in 1906. However Linde becomes shareholder in Brins. Carl von Linde joins the board; Brins changes name to The British Oxygen Company Ltd. Linde Air Products Co. was founded in 1907 in USA. In 1914, BOC started operating high purity gas plants in six major British cities. Lind took over of Guldner-Motoren-Gesellschaft (Diesel engines and tractors) in 1929. BOC bought controlling stake in African Oxygen (South Africa) in 1935 to become the leading gas company in Africa, which was known AFROX. In 1946, BOC opened research facility in New Jersey (USA). BOL Limited (Foundation of Linde-BOC joint venture) was founded in 1954 to coordinate the technical design and sales of air separation plants. In 1959 Linde began volume production of hydraulic units and forklifts. The discovery of oil and gas under North Sea triggers in 1965, created a strong demand for large vessels, storage tanks and pipelines, boosting BOC sales. Linde-BOC joint venture in refrigeration solutions was founded in 1969. BOC doubled its size upon completing the acquisition of Airco in the USA in 1978. Linde constructed it s largest gas production plant at Leuna, Germany in 1990. In 1991, Linde expanded its gas business in Eastern Europe with the purchase of leading Czech Gas Company, Techno Lyn. The distribution unit of BOC went to a partnership with Marks Spencer in their 25th anniversary in 1994. Linde, BOC and partners joined hands in 2000 to construct world’s largest nitrogen plant to pump heavy crude oil under high pressure in the Cantarell Oil fields, Mexico an innovative joint project involving Linde, BOC and partners. European Commission approved Linde takeover of Swedish Gas Company AGA/Statoil places order with Linde for Europes largest LNG plant (operational from 2007). In 2002 US engineering joint venture Linde-BOC-Process Plants LLC, Tulsa, Ohio was founded. In 2004, Linde celebrates its 125th anniversary; Sale of Linde refrigeration business to Carrier Corporation. In 2005, Linde celebrated International Hydrogen Day. In 2006 Linde and BOC joined forces to become The Linde Group. 1. 2. About Linde Bangladesh Limited Linde Bangladesh Limited (the â€Å"company†) is a listed limited company by shares and was incorporated in Bangladesh in 1973 under the Companies Act 1913. The company became a listed entity in 1976. The company is listed both on Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE). The address of the registered office is 285 Tejgaon I/A, Dhaka-1208, Bangladesh. It has been a direct subsidiary of the BOC Group PLC of United Kingdom since inception. The entire share capital of the BOC Group PLC has been taken over by Linde AG of Germany in 2006 through an acquisition process. The group as a whole had embarked on a program called HPO (High Performance Organization). Though launched at a time of this crisis, like safety it would be an on- going program standing on its four pillars: Customer focus, People excellence, Process excellence and the Ability to execute. The HPO initiative is a long term and strategic initiative aimed at improving the level of performance of our people and business, to increase our performance in all respects. Given the world economic crisis this initiative is expected to help the group meet the challenges ahead in unified and strong manner. 1. 2. 1. Vision Objective Vision An organization vision statement indicates its future direction and business makeup, a guiding concept for what the organization is trying to do and to become. Corporate vision of Linde Bangladesh is stated below: Corporate Objectives Corporate Image:To be seen as progressive company of high reputation and integrity, it provides good value for its products and services. To be seen by Government the public customers and suppliers and the employees as acting in a socially responsible manner and consistent with national aspiration and objectives. Development:To pursue a policy of progressive of industrial and medical gases, welding equipment’s and consumables wherever economics of production justify local manufacture. To maximize local value addition by progressive import substitution of inputs. To install educate production facilities in advance of the demand so as to insure continuing ability to meet the growing national need for our products. To develop new markets and application of products and process and to set up facilities to serve them. Technology:To develop proficiency and competence in welding, cryogenics gas production technology and to promote new applications for gas and welding products, wherever these are relevant to the needs of local industry. To be regard as the foremost and most knowledgeable institution in the country in this field. Marketing:To maintain the position of principle domestic manufacturer and supplier of industrial and medical gases, electrodes and welding and health care equipment by offering reliable suppliers of goods quality products at fair prices. Safety:To provide an accident free environment for employees by promoting and encouraging and implementation safe working practices throughout the company. To develop and foster increased customer awareness of safe product handling practices and procedures. Personal:To provide a productive and satisfying work environment for employees, offering opportunities and development and advancement in career. Profitability:To earn an adequate return on stockholder’s equity and to generate sufficient surplus for growth and expansion. 1. 2. 2. Market Position Linde Bangladesh Limited has a good position in Bangladesh. All three sectors of products have good market shares. Linde Bangladesh Limited is in the first position for selling Gas and Welding products. The healthcare sector has to go a long way to grab a superior market position in Bangladesh. Linde Bangladesh Limited is technologically in a better condition than the other sister concerns in South Asia. 1. 2. 3. Safety Matters Safety remained a number one priority as it is with the whole â€Å"The Linde Group†. Without being complacent one can add that has been an improvement in safety performance in most areas. With the launching of site safety program at Shitalpur all the major sides have now been covered. The incident reporting system had been greatly improved through implementation of an online web based system called synergy hosted in the Linde global server. Safety related activities continued with regular meetings of the safety and sharing of lessons learned from global group incidents SHEQ related issues. Meetings related to behavioral safety called SDG (Safety Dialogue) are held in small groups in every location of the company’s activities on the first working day of each month. 1. 2. 4. Internal Control The control and risks elements related to the company were under constant review. Several audits were carried out including engineering audits. Addressing of the recommendation is an ongoing process with the help of the Business Management Council members. Audit committee meeting took place as per its charter. During the year all the company’s location were connected to SAP at the corporate office. This provides on-line real time information, specially related to sales, inventory and accounts. This facility would be an effective tool for ensuring control and data integrity, besides providing timely management information. 1. 2. 5. Financial Results The company’s turnover improved by 10% at BDT 2,742,816,718 over the previous year’s turnover of BDT 2,498,583 this was driven mainly by volumetric growth of industrial Oxygen, MS Electrodes, Liquid CO2, Medical gases etc. substantial loss of earnings from LPG, Fire Suppression and Welding Training School had to be absorbed. Profitability in the year reached a new peak. While turnover growth was 10% profit from operation grew by 44%. This was as a result of favorable raw material costs, better recovery of fixed costs with volume increase of the key manufactured products and overall control on costs. 1. 2. 6. Locations The registered office of Linde Bangladesh is located at 285 Tejgaon I/A, Dhaka-1208. It has three factories in Bangladesh. The factories Positioned at Tejgaon, Rupganj, and Shitalpur. There are 19 sales center of Linde Bangladesh Limited. The sales centers are- |Location |Address | |01. Tegaon |285 Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka | |02. Postagola |Faridabad, Postagola, Dhaka | |03. Tipu Sultan Road |57-58, Tipu Sultan Road, Sutrapur, Dhaka | |04. Tongi |241, Tongi Industrial Area, Gazipur | |05. Narayangonj |72, Sirajuddowla Road, Narayangonj | |06. Mymensingh |28, Ka K C Roy Road, Mymensingh | |07. Noakhali |Contractor Masjid, (Maijdee Road), Alipur, Begumganj, Noakhali | |08. Khulna |Rupsha Strand Road, Labonchora, Khulna | |09. Barisal |Holding No. 7641, Alekanda, Kotwali, Barisal | |10. Rajshahi |Talimari, Kazla, Rajshahi | |11. Shitalpur |Shitalpur, Sitakunda, Chittagong | |12. Sagorika |68/V Sagorika Road, Pahartali, P. O. Customs House, Chittagong | |13. Comilla |Poduabazar, Chaurasta, Comilla | |14. Sylhet |Mominkhola, Sylhet | |15. Jessore |Central Road, Ghoope, Jessore | |16. Bogra |Charmatha, Rangpur Road, Bogra | |17. Rangpur |Central Bus Terminal, R. K. Road, Rangpur | |19. Faridpur |West Goalchamot, Jessore, Faridpur | [pic] (Source: Internal information of Linde Bangladesh Limited) 1. 2. 7. Organizational Structure Linde Bangladesh Limited is separated into two units. One is Business Function Unit and another is Enabling Function Unit. Business function unit consists of five departments and Enabling function unit consists of seven departments. Unit |Departments | | |Sales Marketing | | | | |Business Function Unit | | | |Operations | | |Customer Service Center(CSC) | | |Cylinder Asset Management(CAM) | | |Distribution | | |Finance | | | | |Enabling Function Unit | | | |Human Resource(HR) | | |Procurement | | |Information Service(IS) | | |Safety Health Environment Quality | Table-1. : Organizational Departments of BOC Bangladesh Ltd 1. 2. 8. Range of Products and Service Line Bangladesh Limited delivers value-added solutions based on the supply of gases, equipment, consumables and services for: †¢ Manufacturing †¢ Hea lthcare †¢ Advanced technology and research industries. The products provided by Linde Bangladesh Ltd are Gases, Welding and Healthcare Gases Products and Services ? Compressed oxygen ? Refrigerant gases (Freon Suva) ? Hydrogen ? Gas welding and cutting equipment ? Fire suppression system ? Compressed helium ? Liquid helium ? Sulphurhexafluoride ? Sulphurdioxide ? Special gases gas mixtures ? Liquid oxygen ? Compressed nitrogen ? Liquid nitrogen Dissolved acetylene ? Carbon dioxide ? Gas welding rod flux ? Dry ice ? Argon ? Lamp gases ? LPG Gases are one of core products of Linde Bangladesh Ltd. A significant contribution to the total business comes from ASU gases and Dissolved Acetylene. Food grade liquid CO2 is another potential gas that has become very popular within the Hospitality/beverage segment. Welding Products and Services Welding products namely ms electrodes is the major bread earner for Linde Bangladesh. It contributes around 50+% of the company’s total r evenue. Competition is stiff in this segment, not only from local manufactures, but also in the form of imported electrodes. Linde Bangladesh’s main advantage in this business segment is its wide distribution network that allows it to send its products to all concerns of the market as well as its good will, which is very important, considering that all other brands sell at a significantly lower price. ? Mild steel cast iron electrodes ? Low hydrogen/low alloy electrodes ? Stainless steel electrodes ? Arc welding equipment accessories ? Plasma cutting equipment accessories ? Welding services training ? Welding equipment repairs ? Mig welding equipment accessories ? Tig welding equipment accessories Healthcare Products and Services The Medical Product Division of Linde Bangladesh Ltd. provides Medical gases and Equipment also promoting liquid medical Oxygen and many other health care products. Linde Bangladesh still known today as the organization that produces and sells life saving medical oxygen. Linde Bangladesh is also the local agents of some of the world’s leading medical equipment manufacturers such as ChoongWae, Tyco, DatexOhmeda, Nellcor Puritan Bennett etc. Linde Bangladesh’s medical product line includes but is not limited to the following: ? Medical oxygen ? Nitrous oxide ? Entonox ? Sterilizing gases ? Medical gases cylinder ? Anaesthesia machines ? Anaesthesia ventilators ? Other medical equipment on request ? ICU/CCU ventilators ? Pulse oximeter ? Infant warmer ? Photo therapy units ? Infant incubators ? OT table ? Autoclave /sterilizer ? Gynaecological tables ? Humidifier ? Oxygen concentratorResuscitators ? Central sterilizing and supply department (CSSD) Part-2 Chapter 2 Introduction to the Study 2. 0. Introduction to the Study 2. 1. Rationale of the Study: As a business graduate we gain plenty of theoretical knowledge. That is why we look forward to utilize our knowledge in the relevant field and now it’s the time to use this theoretical knowledge practically. But it’s true that it is likely to have some difference in theory and practice. Although by using the theoretical knowledge we are able to understand the pre-practical field, which help us to cope up the situation. Distribution is an important component of marketing; however Linde Bangladesh’s main advantage in welding business is its wide distribution network that allows it to send its products to all concerns of the market as well as its good will. Therefore being an intern of the marketing department of Linde Bangladesh Ltd; I decided to work with the distribution channel of the welding business of Linde Bangladesh Ltd. As a marketing major student this study gave me the opportunity to enrich the theoretical and practical knowledge having acquaintances with the practice. Additionally, this experience will further strengthen my marketing skills as well . Which ultimately will help a lot in my career in the forthcoming days. However this study can contribute a lot to the faculty of business administration and the university as a whole because to get the practical experience to develop the future career following students will be very encouraged to take such project. 2. 2. Statements of the Problems ? Optimization of distribution vehicles keeping safety at the top. ? Selecting the slow moving items to make it more available or demandable to the customer by improving market penetration. 2. 3. Scope and Delimitation of the study: I got the opportunities to see the internal work environment as well as got acquainted with their services, strategies that they follows, which was really helpful for me. Initially they provided me the details information about the distr

The Gnostic Jesus

The Gnostic Jesus Free Online Research Papers Gnostic writings of Jesus portray him as a heavenly redeemer made less of flesh than of spirit. The emphasis of Jesus importance is not on his physical humanness but rather, on his ability to show people the way to the kingdom. Jesus put on flesh in order to give people gnosis and reveal to them where they come from and where they will eventually return. When it is time for Jesus to return to his heavenly home, he is crucified and resurrected before he finally ascends. His bodys lack of importance in some Gnostic texts gives this series of events a different connotation than other versions of the story more common today. The Gnostic understanding of Jesus gives us better knowledge of what will happen to us when we leave the body and world in which we are currently trapped. This understanding also gives us insights into the realm in which we belong. The lack of concern for the body is also connected with the Gnostic view that anything that happens on this earth or in this realm is irr elevant. I will argue that the issue of flesh is very significant in some Gnostic views of Jesus, citing examples from selected Gnostic texts including, the Gospel of Thomas, the Second Treatise of the Great Seth, Hypostasis of the Archons, the Gospel of Mary, the Gospel of Truth, the Treatise on the Resurrection and the Hymn of the Pearl. Most Gnostic books show Christ to be of heavenly origin. The books either explicitly say that he is from the father and heaven above or imply it by saying that he descended into earth. He is part of the †¦heavenly triad with the Father and the Mother†¦(Franzmann, 39). In the Second Treatise of the Great Seth, the author who is supposedly Christ says, I am from above the heavens (Ehrman, 231). He is also sometimes described as a heavenly light, I am the light which is above all of them: I am All. The All came forth from me and the All reached me (G of Th., v.77). Many people, however, look at Christs incarnation in different ways. According to some Gnostic thought Christ comes to our earth and puts on Jesus human body so that he may walk among us. I visited a bodily dwelling (Ehrman, 231). Some of the Gnostic writings show Jesus as an earthly being with a heavenly nature, while others show Jesus as a purely heavenly being with a lack of earthly context. In the Second Treatise of the Great Seth, Christs incarnation was into Jesus body in which he cast out the original occupier (Franzmann, 75). Christs arrival on earth in the Gospel of Thomas is described in a docetistic way, I stood in the midst of the world, and I appeared to them in flesh (G. of Th, v.28). He is said to appear to them in flesh only in outward appearance (Franzmann, 78). The Gospel of Truth describes Jesus as a fruit of knowledge that when eaten gives people gnosis (Ehrman, 161). This Gnostic text shows Christ as a revealer. He is referred to as the book or logos, which reveals to us all that is unknown (Ehrman, 162). He put on the book, was nailed to a tree and published the edict of the father on the cross (Ehrman, 162). These actions say that by dying on the cross, which in this text is not in flesh, he is helping people receive gnosis. Many Gnostic views have implied a hatred of the body. The body is what is keeping people from realizing their origin (G. of Thomas, v.29). For Christ to have a human body seems strange because he has gnosis. Woe to the flesh which depends on the soul; woe to the soul which depends on the flesh (G of Th, v.112). According to the Hypostasis of the Archons, the body is just a shell for the spirit. Locked within the material shell of the human race is the spark of this highest spiritual reality which (as one Gnostic theory held) the inept creator accidentally infused into humanity at the creation on the order of a drunken jeweler who accidentally mixes gold dust into junk metal (Groothuis). Our spirit is trapped in our bodies and the only way to free ourselves is through gnosis. After the spirit came forth from the Adamantine Land; it descended and came to swell within him, and that man became a living soul (Hyp of Arc, 164). Anything that happens in this realm of matter is insignificant only when we find the kingdom or when we finally have gnosis, will we actually begin to live (Hyp of Arc, 167-8). All matter is a veil over the truth (Hyp of Arc, 167). Jesus strips himself of his perishable rags or dirty clothes as he ascends back to heaven (Ehrman, 162, 186). Jesus purpose while on earth is to reveal to his people the true nature of their being. Jesus enlightens and imparts knowledge. His job is to give us gnosis so that we may return to our heavenly home. If woman or man truly came to gnosis of this spark, she understood that she was truly free: Not contingent, not a conception of sin, not a flawed crust of flesh, but the stuff of God, and the conduit of Gods immanent realization (Gnostic Society). Spirit is good and desirable; matter is evil and detestable. According to the Hypostasis of the Archons, there are two heavens, an outer realm and an inner realm. The creation of the earth and humans was fla wed. The god of the outer realm created the archons who did not have spirit, while the people created in the inner realm do have spirit, however they are unaware of the spirit within them. When we achieve gnosis we have the understanding that we are from the outer realm and that we have spirit, unlike Yaldabaoth, the god of the inner realm. The Gospel of Thomas is a collection of Jesus sayings that are supposed to reveal to us the way to heaven or the outer realm. It shows Jesus to be a revealer of gnosis by clearing the fog or ignorance that surrounds us. The Archons want us to remain ignorant so that we do not enter the perfect outer realm (Hyp of Arc). He explains that the kingdom is a place with no poverty, where all is revealed and that it is already inside and around them but they must learn how to find it. According to the Hypostasis of the Archons, Jesus Christ is not essential for salvation but he is our bridge to it. He shows us that All who have become aquainted with this way exist deathless in the midst of a dying mankind (Hyp of Arc). To have gnosis is to understand where we come from. Gnosis, remember, is not a rational, propositional, logical understanding, but a knowing acquired by experience (Gnostic Society). The achievement of Gnosis is something that has to be done on a personal level and cannot be read or learned (Gnostic Society). Jesus shows us the way to the kingdom by awakening us from our drunkenness or blindness where we lost sight of God and heaven (G. of Thomas, v.28). Dependence on the body and earth will keep us in poverty (G. of Thomas, v.29), or without knowledge. Escape from this world comes with knowledge of our origins or the unknowing of beliefs we have that keep us from attaining gnosis. The beliefs that would keep us from attaining gnosis include the idea that Yaoldabaoth is our true god or that we are actually from this world. Until we realize that our bodies are not important and they everything in this realm is false we will not achieve gnosis. Christ reveals information about the kingdom to Mary Magdalene, telling her that where the mind is there is the treasure (G. of Mary). Christs crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension have great importance on Gnostic teachings. The events that take place at the end of Jesus life are perhaps the most important part of the Christian faith. When the flesh is not important, like in Gnosticism, the views on these events are changed. If the body is irrelevant then Jesus death is not as important to his followers. Is he able to suffer if he is not really in a body? What is resurrection if the body does not matter? When Christ is crucified in the Second Treatise of the Great Seth, he laughs at those who believe that they are hurting him because they are ignorant. I did not die in reality, but in appearance. Those in error and blindness.saw me; they punished me. It was ano ther, their father, who drank the gall and vinegar; it was not I. They struck me with the reed; it was another, Simon, who bore the cross on his shoulder. I was rejoicing in the height over all.And I was laughing at their ignorance. This version of the story is very different from the one in the Bible. In the biblical account, Christ does not mock his crucifiers but he asks God for forgiveness of the worlds sins (Groothuis). Pagels says that rather than viewing Christs death as a sacrificial offering to atone for guilt and sin, the Gospel of Truth sees the crucifixion as the occasion for discovering the divine self within (Pagels, 95). In the Gospel of Mary, physical suffering has no reality because physicality has no reality (G. of Mary). Christs crucifixion has a different meaning when he is not suffering on the cross for our sins. This is because in Gnosticism a persons pure soul was made good and the earth and matter were corrupted, so there is no need for forgiveness. In canoni cal stories, a perfect God made the earth and the people corrupted it with sin, so Christ must come down and be crucified for the salvation of the people. Gnostics and Orthodox Christians view Resurrection very differently. In Christianity, Christs resurrection only occurs once. He dies on the cross and rises from the dead back into flesh. The first person to witness his resurrection is one of his disciples, Paul. For the forty days following his resurrection, he is seen by his disciples in the flesh and talks about the kingdom of God. He shows some of the disbelievers that he is real by having them touch him, or he even eats with them (Luke). After these forty days, Christ never appears on earth in flesh again. Tertuillian, a brilliant Christian author from about 190AD, stated that not believing in the literal interpretation of Christs resurrection was heresy (Ehrman, 218). His main argument is that Christ was born, therefore flesh. There is no evidence that he was not flesh and no reason to believe that he would not want to be flesh (Ehrman, 221). Some gnostics called the literal view of resurrection the faith of fools (Pagels, 11). In Gnostic thought, literally seeing Christ was not what was importan t but it was spiritual visions that were held in high esteem (Pagels, 11). For the Gnostic who abhors matter and seeks release from its grim grip, the physical resurrection of Jesus would be anticlimactic, if not absurd. A material resurrection would be counterproductive and only recapitulate the original problem (Groothuis). In the Gospel of Mary, Mary Magdalene was the first to see Christ after he was risen but he was not in a physical body. She saw him in visions and dreams. The visions are not cast aside as hallucinations but are respected as spiritual contact with God. This thought of resurrection is not finite. Christ does not appear for only forty days to just the chosen few. This allows Christ to be seen throughout history. Do not weep, and do not grieve, and do not doubt; for his grace will be with you completely, and will protect you (G. of Mary, v.5:2). Mary, representing the gnostic, claims to experience his continuing presence (Pagels, 13). Resurrection is viewed by many Gnostics as waking up from death, which is life on earth, and becoming alive in heaven, which is also death on earth. There was a trembling that overcame the chaos of the earth, for the souls which were in the sleep below were released, and they were resurrected (Ehrman, 232). Gaining gnosis is the way to resurrection for tho se who belong in the outer realm. Death, according to the Gospel of Thomas, is life and life is death (G. of Th, v.11). Treatise on the Resurrection refers to resurrection as almost a revelation. What, then, is resurrection? It is always the disclosure of those who have risen†¦It is no illusion, but the truth! (Ehrman, 184). The world is described as an illusion and resurrection is the revelation of what is true. Not all New Testament stories of Christs resurrection were interpreted literally. Some stories had Jesus appear to the disciples in a more spiritual way. Both the gospels of Luke and Mark say that Jesus appeared in another form (Pagels, 5). In some accounts, he is said to vanish just as quickly as he appears. In Orthodox Christian thought, forty days after Christs resurrection, he is ascended back into heaven. There he remains at the right hand of God. In Gnostic thought, he ascends into heaven but may return at anytime. Christ, according to Christian theology, comes only once. The Bible, is the final word on everything pertaining to life on earth and the world after. Gnostics differ bec ause there is room for more ideas, and Christ may return to the earth again whenever he wants. Why should Christ come to earth so long ago and then just stop? Why is everything in the Christian religion based only on things that happened so far in the past? Gnosticism allows for reinterpretations of all the old laws, new books may be added to the library. Whereas, in Christianity there is only the Bible which cannot be changed. All these interpretations of Jesus will reveal to us our own souls journey. They give us an idea or insight into what will happen to us when we receive gnosis. What is our ascension into heaven like? What is resurrection for us? Jesus comes to earth and takes on a human body. We, too, are from the perfect kingdom and we come here and take on flesh. So like Christ, we are not from this world, however, unlike Christ, we do not know this. Christ tries to help us remember that we belong with the father. When he is crucified, he reveals to us more about the kingdo m. His resurrection is like what we might experience as well. This Gnostic resurrection is one in which we will gain gnosis and then die from the earth in order to live in heaven. We are brought back to our original life on heaven, after being dead the entire time on earth. After gaining gnosis, we must ascend to heaven. Since the perfection of the totality is in the Father, it is necessary for the totality to ascend to him (G. of Truth). When we have gnosis, we will have the world revealed to us. All that is unknown will now be known. The Hymn of the Pearl tells a story of a young prince who is sent to Egypt by his parents to find a pearl and bring it back to the kingdom. During his journey the young prince forgets his mission and falls into a state of drunkenness. Some courtiers, who know why the prince was there, wrote him a letter to remind him. He immediately remembers his task and that he is not from this land but from the kingdom. He takes off his dirty clothes and is able to return back to his fathers kingdom (Ehrman, 185-7). This story has many parallels to the Gnostic theory of Jesus journey and our own. Christ is sent on a mission to earth by his father. He puts on his dirty clothes or flesh and descends to earth. After he completes his mission he takes off the flesh and returns home to the kingdom of his father. This is also similar to the gnostic view of our own journey. We are from the kingdom of the father and are sent down to complete a task, while on earth we forget where we are from and what we ar e supposed to be doing here. Jesus tries to remind us through his parables and sayings that we are not of this world. And if and when we finally remember this, we take off our dirty clothes and return to the kingdom of our father. Gnostic texts place an emphasis on the flesh of Christ. It is not the same emphasis that Orthodox Christians do but still flesh or the lack of flesh remains an important theme in many Gnostic writings. Some Gnostics have hatred for flesh based on the importance of the outer realm rather than the inner realm. The gods of the inner realm know that we have spirit and they want to keep us from understanding this. They are jealous of us and want to steal the spirit from us because it is the only thing in the inner realm that is worth anything. Having spirit is the only way to have access to the outer realm, which is perfect in every way. Our bodies keep us from realizing that we have something inside us that is more important. The world around us keeps us from looking inside ourselves. A docetic Christ, shows the importance of the word rather than earthly actions. By examining Christs journey, we can have a better idea of our own souls journey. When we achieve gnosis, we will gain entrance to the kingdom with God as well as Christ. Bibliography Ehrman, Bart D. After The New Testament: A Reader in Early Christianity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Franzmann, Majella. Jesus in the Nag Hammadi Writings. Edinburgh: T T Clark, 1996. Groothuis, Douglas. Gnosticism And The Gnostic Jesus. Christian Research Journal. 1994. Online. URL: http://iclnet93.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/cri/cri-jrnl/crj0040a.txt (20 April 2000) Pagels, Elaine. The Gnostic Gospels. New York: Random House, 1979. The Gnostic Society Library. Introduction to the Nag Hammadi Library. 18 August 1997. Online. URL: http://home.sol.no/~noetic/nagham/nhlintro.html (10 April 2000). Research Papers on The Gnostic JesusAlbatross and Rimm of the Ancient MarinerThe Broken FamilyThe Rise and Fall of Napoleon BonaparteBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettGlobal Distributive Justice is UtopianThe Story of Beatrix PotterSexually Transmitted DiseasesHenderson the Rain KingMy Writing ExperienceIs the Use of Psychotropic Drugs in the Treatment of

Trace the Roots of Conflict in Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Trace the Roots of Conflict in Iraq - Essay Example The detail of the statement is illustrated in the later part of the paper with adequate supporting evidences. Introduction to International relationships: Rules and regulations play an in evident role in the development of a society. A productive output of a society witnesses successful adheres of rules and regulations. Thus, the system provides the base of an efficient society complementing productivity in a peaceful environment by following legislations commercially and individually. The development of society is closely interlinked with the development of business of an economy. The interrelation between the two in a microenvironment (Social, economical, political, technological) is that of a stake holder. Business is the keystone that supplements the development of a society and spares funds for necessary resources to permit the development and welfare of society. Hitherto, control of power through legislation enhances the capacity of conjunctional development for uniform advance ment. The point of view is attempted to be illustrated with the help of diagram illustrated below; Two way shared understanding of Legislation The reputation, innovation, competiveness and growth of society and business are interdependent upon corporative adherence to legislation by the two. Imbalance of each unit can cast massive negative impact on maturity of microenvironment. The contemporary era is a period of rapid international growth supporting the features of globalization resulting in constant evolution of traditional concepts. Journalist Thomas L. Friedman, in The Lexus and the Olive Tree defines â€Å"globalization’ as (FRIEDMAN, Thomas L., 2000): †¦the inexorable integration of markets, nation-states and technologies to a degree never witnessed before—in a way that is enabling individuals, corporations and nation-states to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before, and in a way that is enabling the world to reach into individuals, corporations, and nation-states farther, faster, deeper, and cheaper than ever before. The origin of the study of International relations aroused from the effects of the globalization such as pluralism and regional integration. Pluralism is the political philosophy which acknowledges diversity and supports methodological metropolitans. A society can be regarded as pluralistic on the basis of the fact multicultural aspect of the country because of the residents of different tastes, values and beliefs. (HUI, John, 2011). The thought behind the formulation of the study of International Relations was to determine social constructivism based on human awareness rather than materialism. (JACKSON, Robert H., S?rensen, Georg, 2007). Hitherto, the theories of International Relations can be categorized into Realism, Idealism and Constructivism. The idea that resolves the scope of the three fields is the projection of the ground concept of power and its execution in the social wor ld. Realism; The school of scholars that support realism theory previews International relations as anarchical, which studies and propose model for distribution of power among states. (GRIFFITHS, Martin, 1999) Idealism: The theory of idealism emphasizes on law and a law regulatory body that advocates the interdependency of the entities of common interest and values and derives focus on common interests. Constructivism: This theory states that every country have its dissimilar state based on political culture, policies and history.

Early Physiotherapy to Prevent Lymphoedema after Surgery Assignment

Early Physiotherapy to Prevent Lymphoedema after Surgery - Assignment Example In most research studies, there exist biases that may cause possible deviation of results. Choosing the most appropriate study methods is important to avoid instances of bias in research (Greenhalgh and Tylor 1997). Research appraisals assist in establishing the question posed by the author(s). It is vital for research studies to possess well-developed study questions relevant to the topic under study (LoBiondo-Wood and Haber 2010). In addition, the identified study questions must have applicable parameters and study populations and discern relevant outcomes. Statistical testing should be based on study hypotheses because they are fundamental in research studies (Greenhalgh and Tylor 1997). Appraisals assist in ascertaining the relevance of hypothesis testing the techniques used in a given study. Appraisal also contributes to determining whether research is based on practice (Brown 2014). Lacomba et al. (2010) carried out a study aiming at ascertaining the efficacy of early physiotherapy in post cancer surgery. An appraisal of the study carried out by Lacomba et al. (2010) reveals that there exist proper applications of interventions for physiotherapy sessions during post cancer surgery. Notably, the research conducted by Lacomba et al. (2010) is indispensable in promoting prevention of secondary lymphedema immediately after surgery. Even though the study was successful in addressing the hypothesis question, it had various limitations such as the recruiting of subjects from a single hospital. It is noteworthy that most single hospital recruitment may result in systematic variations during provision of care between other regions and the hospital. Lacomba et al. (2010) provide a vivid description of secondary lymphoedema within the first paragraph that clearly introduces the study.

Of Mice And Men Characters Essay Example for Free

Of Mice And Men Characters Essay In Of Mice And Men, all the characters have different problems, whether they are physical, mental or personal. Although the two characters who I feel have the most problems are Crooks and George. Crooks, the black stable buck is forever being pick on by the other men at the ranch, mostly because of his colour. In the time in which the book was set, black people in America were thought of as lower than white people. At the ranch, Crooks cannot live in the bunk-house with all the other men, but he has to sleep in the harness room, at the back of the barn. In this room he is surrounded by all the unused horse tack, and therefore has hardly any space for his personal belongings. Crooks is given no privacy, and gets quite cross because he is not allowed to enter the bunk-house but the other men can just walk into his room. In the book he says to Lennie, Youve no right to come into my room, nobody got any right in here but me. After he has talked to Lennie for a while, he starts to enjoy having someone to talk to, because when he is in his room by himself, there is no one he can talk with. I think that he likes talking to Lennie because he realized that Lennie is slow, so Crooks can say what he wants and Lennie will not remember anything. To get the other men back for teasing him, he becomes very sour when they enter his room, and as he passes the other men he ignores them, as a pay back for the names they call him. Although I do feel that Crooks gets extremely lonely. All day long he is on his own, he cannot work because he has a crooked back, from once being kicked by a horse, so he has to stay behind at the ranch and generally look after the place. When he was abused by Curley, he cannot answer back, because Curley is the Boss son, and he knows that if he gets fired, he will probably not get another job because of his disability. The other man who I think has a lot of problems is George. He has to take Lennie with him everywhere, although, Lennie often gets into trouble and this gets George into trouble too. Without Lennie around him George could have such a good life, God almighty, if I was alone I could live so easy. I could get a job and work, an no trouble. No mess at all, and when the end of the month come, I could take my fifty bucks and go into town and get whatever I want. This shows that without Lennie with him, causing trouble, he could keep a good job, and spend his time in the way he wants to, without having to think about anyone else. Although I do think that George likes Lennie, as he is always there to talk to and to share dreams with, they are obviously very close, but George does get annoyed with him, especially because Lennie finds it hard to remember things, such as where they are traveling to. Although he does seem to remember every bad word George says about him. When George talks of the little place theyre going to get, his face lights up and he really enjoys seeing Lennie happy and even though George is stuck with Lennie, he still likes having him there. When George is talking to Slim, in the book, he tries to cover up for Lennies mistakes in Weed, as he knows that Lennie would never hurt anyone on purpose. At the end of the book when George shoots Lennie he knew that he had to kill him. I think that partly the reason for this is because George knows that Lennie will be shot any way, but if he did it, it would be out of love and protection, and not revenge and hatred. George also knows that he cannot go on with Lennie, always running away from some kind of trouble that Lennie has caused, and the incident at the ranch was probably the last straw. Out of the two men described, I think that the person with the most problems is George. In the first part of the book, he always had Lennie with him, making things very difficult for him to have any privacy or time for himself. Lennie prevented him from ever keeping a job, and this often got him into trouble. At the end of the book, when George shot Lennie, he felt awful, because he was killing his best, and probably only friend. George would always live with the memory of Lennie, and the memory of how he shot him. All throughout the book George was telling Lennie that the other guys on these ranches move from place to place, having nobody. Now George would be like these other guys, but before he and Lennie. I think that George has more problems than Crooks, because in America in those times, all black people were treated lower than whites. Crooks cannot help this problem, because wherever he goes, he would receive the same kind of abuse. Another disadvantage Crooks has, is his crooked back, but again, he cannot help this so he did not create the problem. I feel very sorry for George, as he and Lennie have been through so much together, at some times, he wished that he never had to stay with Lennie, but now everything it over for him and he wants Lennie back.

God And Future Of America :: essays research papers

Expos Paper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  God is an all seeing, all hearing, and all knowing being that no one has really ever been in direct contact with. For skeptics that is enough to make an unbeliever, yet, with all of the resurrections, walking on water, and visions of the Virgin Mary crying something must be there. That something is the true dilemma. What exactly is God and what exactly does he want us do? Many have tried to analyze what the answers to these questions and most of them have received answers, it’s just that all the answers are different. Many factors have played part in my understanding of spirituality, from the views of the past to the radicals of the present each idea has helped me realize that God is there, anyway you want him to be. I feel that religion is overrated, just as cigarette ads try to suck young teens into smoking, religion tries to suck kids in through fear. Yet, while this approach may work on some, others grow out of, just as in believing in Santa Clause. Currently, with the more open-minded view of everything in society, there are less and less overtly religious people in the world. Jean-Paul Sartre saw this concept. He saw God as a concept dwindling on the brink of existence. â€Å"Traditionally religion tells us that we must conform to God’s ideas of humanity to become fully human. Instead we must see human beings as liberally incarnate. Sartre’s atheism was not a consoling creed, but other existentialists saw the absence of God as a positive liberation† (Armstrong, 68). The idea of God as â€Å"just there† appealed to me. That is how I have always felt; yet was convinced that a life without full-fledged devotion would get me nowhere. All though this view was refreshi ng I still questioned the reality of God. The world is not a warm, loving place. Although you may have a good life filled with much happiness, what about the millions of others that have a life of despair? â€Å"The Koran says ‘Not so much as the weight of an ant in earth or heaven escapes from the Lord.’ That is touching that Allah, God, and their ilk care when one ant dismembers another, or notes when a sparrow falls but I strain to see the use of it† (Dillard, 195). Annie Dillard skepticism is threw a wrench in the gears of my thoughts.

America’s “New Economy” Essay

â€Å"As the 1900’s gave way to the new millennium, it became increasingly clear that a new era in American (and world) history had begun. The old era had been dominated by the Cold War struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union. The new era was defined by the rise of a new global economy†¦the ways in which the world’s peoples lived, worked, and governed themselves. Global communication, trade, and capital flow all grew rapidly†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Griffith, Baker 531). The United States rose to being the most powerful military supremacy nation in the world due to Reagan and Bush’s destruction of the Cold War, bridging the 80’s into the new 90’s. George Bush’s CIA and ambassadorial experience provided Americas key to our foreign policy negotiations, aiding in our nations leadership over the world. This defeat and new era caused our domestic and social society within America into a state of confusion and caused Americans to questi on what role they would play in this new society. â€Å"Not only did the Cold War define America’s stance in the world, dictating foreign policy choices from southeast Asia to Latin America; it defined the contours of domestic politics as well,† (Chafe 549). How can we believe now after September 11, that we still or always have had leadership or supremacy in this world? How could the heart of our country be damaged so much affecting our nation as a whole? This recent tragedy damaged the core of our patriotism changing foreign and domestic policy after the 90’s. During the 90’s, a time of new cultural expression and power, the US was willing to use any economic, political, or military force necessary to uphold the new global system. After the Reagan legacy, President Bill Clinton created the â€Å"New Democrats,† which, â€Å"sought to replace the party’s older industrial and agricultural bases with a new, if unwieldy, coalition of women, minorities, social liberals, and technological progressives,† (Griffith/Baker 533). In looking at Chapter 14 in Griffith/Bakers Major Problems in American History Since 1945 and Chapter 16 and the Epilogue in Chafe’s The Unfinished Journey, we will consider the new goals and values of both the US’s domestic and foreign policies, and find that although positive changes have taken place since 1945, the US still is yet to live in a society free of homelessness, poverty, and crime reflected by the tenacious power of race, class, and gender blocking the path toward  independent freedom. Throughout American history, the issue of freedom has always prevailed and equality of everyone wasn’t brought up until the early to mid 1900’s. The peoples dependence and underlying trust within the government to withhold and protect has put our society on a roller coaster of trust, distrust, and betrayal. â€Å"†¦the Nixon presidency and his foreign policy breakthroughs with China and Russia had barely taken hold before the devastating constitutional crisis of Watergate occurred, threatening to undermine the very structure of the American political system and people’s confidence in it. Followed quickly by the nations first defeat in war†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Chafe 497). Busch had decided not to respond to much of the conflicts happening with Gorbachev, because if he had, it could have created greater instability, more violence, and a stronger likelihood of counter democratic action, such as the Soviet Union. Busch in causing the two-superpower leaders to arrive at a new arms control treaty that promised the reduction of nuclear weapons arsenals of the world. Busch’s only major error was quickly recovered by quickly becoming Yaltsin’s allies, beginning a new coalition where both world powers would enforce world peace. After â€Å"Desert Storm,† the US entered a prolonged recession causing confusion amongst Americans because Busch didn’t care about domestic policies. Because of Busch’s carelessness of domestic policies, it reflected upon the public not caring about domestic policies nor within the government. The new young light in America was created by the new elections. Clinton bringing a new young light to society during the election of 1992 believed that through the idealism during the sixties were those which should be reflected upon now during the 90’s. Clinton’s ideas were: investing to create new jobs, supporting new technology, rebuilding the nation’s infrastructure, and creating a new partnership between management and labor to increase American productivity and competitiveness in world markets. The major political campaigns were advancing with technological advances with campaign’s  portrayed through the amazing new power of talk-show journalism. Ross Perot’s ideals, opposite of Clinton’s, were expressed through talk-show journalism shaping political dialogue and activity. Many talk show hosts provided a direct outlet for politicians to reach the American’s at home through television. The political wars went on and with Clinton winning the democratic election. This allowed Americans to dig themselves out of their deepest problems by re-imagining themselves and fulfilling their dreams. Clinton was faced with issues similar to Franklin Roosevelt, â€Å"†¦in the midst of the Great Depression, they were in many ways far more complicated and intractable, calling upon the same breadth and depth of leadership skills that FDR had deployed in the 1930’s,† (Chafe 512). As one magazine wrote, â€Å"‘what excites people about Clinton, is precisely the degree to which he speaks to their hunger for meaning and purpose, their half conscious and often inchoate desire to transcend the selfishness and meaningless of materialistic and narcissistic society,'† (Chafe 511). Clinton’s gay policy in the war, â€Å"don’t ask, don’t tell,† were looked at as actions profoundly alienating liberals and gays. His next policy, national Healthcare, failed to the Republicans criticizing and ultimately causing his policy to disintegrate. This was Clinton’s down and thought it was over until the American society regained confidence with him when he passed a bill which caused restrictions on free access to handguns and assault weapons. He also created the Americorps, a young group of people volunteering to work among Americas disadvantaged populations. Finally touching up on domestic policies, the American society gained faith in him. The 1994 elections were different and Clinton was on his way to coming back. He wanted to represent a Democratic smaller government. Richard Norris guiding Clinton, made him invulnerable to the issues of high taxes, crime, welfare, federal budget, and affirmative action which Republicans could use against him. Clinton defined positions that would seem reasonable to the middle-class voters and also portray the Republicans as radicals seeking to overturn 60 years of progress and advance his own agenda on issues that cut in his direction such as education, the environment, and women’s rights. Clinton proved to the public that the Republicans mainly Dole was a threat  to the middle class stability, and eventually won the election exclaiming, â€Å"the era of big government is over.† The voters decision was for a divided government,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"not for one party over another. Only by ensuring that one party could balance and counter the other, they seemed to be saying, could the nation be protected from moving too far either toward liberalism and big government on the one hand, or toward conservatism and the end of entitlements on the other,† (Chafe 527). Americans wanted politicians to proceed down a middle path, not straying to either side too far. Although race had been dealt with by the government, it still defined power, control, status, economic opportunity, and freedom. This issue has improved dramatically, but race has always been â€Å"the central theme† to American history. It has been so much misconstrued, â€Å"that the issue of racial discrimination had disappeared as a matter of public concern, convinced that there was no longer a reason to think of blacks and whites as having different life chances†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Chafe 528). Los Angeles embodied most of the multiracial demographic complexity which is where many blacks were suppressed although given still given supposed equal rights opportunities. One example being the AIDS virus. Treatment was available to the suppressed society, but weren’t able to afford the medication. The Rodney King incident was appalling and the only way to describe the verdict was what Chafe wrote, â€Å"It was as though the jury had taken a hallucinogenic drug that altered totally what others saw as reality – and the drug was race,† (Chafe 529). The police officers caught on tape for the beating got off because of whites ruling the jury. O.J. being convicted of murder and having a black jury was pleaded not guilty. Benjamin Barber brings up a point of political futures neither being democratic. â€Å"†¦the forces of Jihad and the forces of McWorld operate with equal strength in opposite directions, the one driven by parochial hatreds, the other by universalizing markets, the one re-creating ancient subnational and ethnic  borders from within, the other making national borders porous from without. They have one thing in common: neither offers much hope to citizens looking for practical ways to govern themselves democratically,† (Griffith/Baker 542). September 11 brought forth something America had never faced before, an attack on our home ground. Since this attack the society has been more conservative, realizing that America is not this leadership nation that watches over the world, but is just as suseptable to attack as anyone else is. This attack has brought all families closer and brought out American patriotism from within. The attack has put American flags on Football players helmets as well as all sports jerseys. What are we supposed to believe from the media, articles saying that information being portrayed to us is false and defying. Although we have gone through a roller coaster of events both ups and downs, America has always recovered and adapted to the changes in front of us. â€Å"The Progressive Policy Institute believes that the latter is true and that the challenge now is to learn how to manage and govern in an era of sustained and constant innovation and adaptation,† (Griffith/Baker 536). The 90’s was a major turning point in America being the end of the old millenium and the start of a new one, allowing us to look at what is needed to be done both in domestic and foreign policy for this world and our society to go on. â€Å"†¦the 1990’s embodied a summing-up of what had occurred in the preceding decades, as if the country were searching to find some way through the maelstrom of conflicting currents to a final sense of direction that might represent a new consensus on how to proceed,† (Chafe 498).